{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**程序**是按照一定**顺序**完成任务的流程\n",
    "\n",
    "做蛋炒饭步骤：\n",
    "- 准备米饭\n",
    "- 准备鸡蛋\n",
    "- 准备配料\n",
    "- 炒蛋\n",
    "- 炒配料\n",
    "- 调味\n",
    "- 出锅\n",
    "\n",
    "菜谱 = 程序   --   自然语言 -->程序语言\n",
    "编写者 是人\n",
    "执行者 是人ß\n",
    "\n",
    "计算机程序和人做饭程序最关键差别是**布尔运算**\n",
    "- 按照顺序执行任务\n",
    "- 根据不同情况执行不同任务\n",
    "    ～ 如果条件满足，则重复执行某一任务\n",
    "\n",
    "计算机强大便是在于他**可编程**\n",
    "而可编程的核心在于**布尔运算**及其相应**流程控制**\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "False\n",
      "True\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(1 == 2)\n",
    "print(1 != 2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "vscode": {
     "languageId": "html"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# 逻辑运算符\n",
    "| 比较操作符 | 意义 | 示例 | 布尔值 |  \n",
    "| --- | --- | --- | --- |  \n",
    "| == | 等于 | 1 == 2 | False |  \n",
    "| != | 不等于 | 1 != 2 | True |  \n",
    "| > | 大于 | 1 >2 | False |  \n",
    "| >= | 大于等于 | 1>= 1 | True |  \n",
    "| < | 小于 | 1< 2 | True |  \n",
    "| <= | 小于等于 | 1<=2 | True |  \n",
    "| in | 属于 | \"a\" in \"basic\" | True |  "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 布尔运算操作符\n",
    "操作对象：数字值或字符串值\n",
    "操作运算符：与、或、非\n",
    "| and    | True   | False   |\n",
    "|--------|--------|---------|\n",
    "| True   | True   | False   | \n",
    "| False  | False  | False   | \n",
    "\n",
    "<br>\n",
    "\n",
    "| or     | True   | False   |\n",
    "|--------|--------|---------|\n",
    "| True   | True   | True   | \n",
    "| False  | True  | False   | \n",
    "\n",
    "<br>\n",
    "\n",
    "| not    | True   | False   |\n",
    "|--------|--------|---------|\n",
    "|        | False   | True   | "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "(True and False) yields: False\n",
      "(True and True) yields: True\n",
      "(False and True) yields: False\n",
      "(True or False) yields: True\n",
      "(False or True) yields: True\n",
      "(False or False) yields: False\n",
      "(not True) yields: False\n",
      "(not False) yields: True\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('(True and False) yields:',  True and False)\n",
    "print('(True and True) yields:',  True and True)\n",
    "print('(False and True) yields:',  False and True)\n",
    "print('(True or False) yields:',  True or False)\n",
    "print('(False or True) yields:',  False or True)\n",
    "print('(False or False) yields:',  False or False)\n",
    "print('(not True) yields:',  not True)\n",
    "print('(not False) yields:',  not False)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 流程控制"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "255 is odd.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import random\n",
    "r = random.randrange(1, 1000)\n",
    "# 暂时忽略以上两句的原理，只需要了解其结果：\n",
    "# 引入随机数，而后，每次执行的时候，r 的值不同\n",
    "\n",
    "if r % 2 == 0:\n",
    "    print(r, 'is even.')\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print(r, 'is odd.')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "1+1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "2\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(1+1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "|英文|中文|\n",
    "|---|---|\n",
    "|Assignment|赋值|\n",
    "|Variable|变量|\n",
    "|Literal|常量|\n",
    "|Loop|循环|"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n",
      "3\n",
      "5\n",
      "7\n",
      "9\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in range(10):\n",
    "    if i % 2 != 0:\n",
    "        print(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "打印100以为的质数<br>\n",
    "质数定义：一个数，大于等于2，且只有在被它自身或者1做为除数时余数为0<br>\n",
    "设n为整数，n>=2；<br>\n",
    "若n==2，n是质数；<br>\n",
    "若n>2，就把n作为被除数，从2开始一直到n-1都作为除数，逐一计算看看余数是否等于0？<br>\n",
    "&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;如果是，那就不用接着算了，它不是质数；<br>\n",
    "&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;如果全部都试过了，余数都不是0，那么它是质数。<br>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "2\n",
      "3\n",
      "5\n",
      "7\n",
      "11\n",
      "13\n",
      "17\n",
      "19\n",
      "23\n",
      "29\n",
      "31\n",
      "37\n",
      "41\n",
      "43\n",
      "47\n",
      "53\n",
      "59\n",
      "61\n",
      "67\n",
      "71\n",
      "73\n",
      "79\n",
      "83\n",
      "89\n",
      "97\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for n in range(2, 100): #range(2,100)表示含左侧 2，不含右侧 100，是不是第三次看到这个说法了？\n",
    "    if n == 2:\n",
    "        print(n)\n",
    "        continue\n",
    "    for i in range(2, n):\n",
    "        if (n % i) == 0:\n",
    "            break\n",
    "    else:                  # 这里目前你可能看不懂…… 但先关注结果吧。\n",
    "        print(n)   "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 算法\n",
    "以上程序，都可以称之为算法，而以上算法也都可以优化。\n",
    "比方说寻找质数的时候，完全没有必要将终点设在99，按照数学逻辑，设置在√n就好\n",
    "```python\n",
    "for n in range(2, 100):\n",
    "    if n == 2:\n",
    "        print(n)\n",
    "        continue\n",
    "    for i in range(2, int(n ** 0.5)+1): #为什么要 +1 以后再说…… n 的 1/2 次方，相当于根号 n。\n",
    "        if (n % i) == 0:\n",
    "            break\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        print(n)     \n",
    "\n",
    "优化没有固定的方法，所有工具，其效率都取决于使用他的人"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 函数\n",
    "- 函数名（Function Name）\n",
    "- 参数（Parameters）\n",
    "- 返回值（Return Value）\n",
    "- 调用（Call）"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3.1415926"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = abs(-3.1415926)\n",
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "pip install xxx"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def is_prime(n):            # 定义 is_prime()，接收一个参数\n",
    "    if n < 2:              # 开始使用接收到的那个参数（值）开始计算……\n",
    "        return False       # 不再是返回给人，而是返回给调用它的代码……\n",
    "    if n == 2:\n",
    "        return True\n",
    "    for m in range(2, int(n**0.5)+1):\n",
    "        if (n % m) == 0:\n",
    "            return False\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        return True\n",
    "\n",
    "for i in range(80, 110):\n",
    "    if is_prime(i):          # 调用 is_prime() 函数，\n",
    "        print(i)            # 如果返回值为 True，则向屏幕输出 i"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 细节补充，整体概括"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 语句"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n",
      "3\n",
      "5\n",
      "7\n",
      "9\n",
      "----------------------------------\n",
      "1\n",
      "3\n",
      "5\n",
      "7\n",
      "9\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# 通常情况下，建议一行写一条语句\n",
    "for i in range(10):\n",
    "    if i % 2 != 0:\n",
    "        print(i)\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"----------------------------------\")\n",
    "\n",
    "#但是，有时为了简化，也会使用一行表达\n",
    "print(\"\\n\".join(str(i) for i in range(10) if i % 2 != 0))\n",
    "\n",
    "#但是，要注意，这样子写虽然逼格上来了，但是对计算机来说，效率没有上面高"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 语句块"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n",
      "3\n",
      "5\n",
      "7\n",
      "9\n",
      "11\n",
      "13\n",
      "15\n",
      "17\n",
      "19\n",
      "Collected odd numbers: [1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def collect_and_print_odd_numbers(n):\n",
    "    # 初始化一个空列表来存储奇数\n",
    "    odd_numbers = []\n",
    "\n",
    "    # 循环从0到n（包括n）\n",
    "    for i in range(n + 1):\n",
    "        if i % 2 != 0:\n",
    "            # 如果i是奇数，则将其添加到列表中\n",
    "            odd_numbers.append(i)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # 打印奇数列表中的每个数字\n",
    "    print(\"\\n\".join(str(num) for num in odd_numbers))\n",
    "\n",
    "    # 返回奇数列表\n",
    "    return odd_numbers\n",
    "\n",
    "# 调用函数，收集并打印0到20之间的奇数\n",
    "odd_numbers_list = collect_and_print_odd_numbers(20)\n",
    "print(\"Collected odd numbers:\", odd_numbers_list)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#python的注释一共有两种方法\n",
    "#一般来说，这种写法放在中间\n",
    "\n",
    "\"\"\"\n",
    "三个引号中间，都是注释区域\n",
    "\n",
    "一般来说，这种注释方法写在开头\n",
    "\"\"\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "\"\"\"\n",
    "\n",
    "\"\"\"\n",
    "#"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "你好 = 1\n",
    "print(你好)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n",
      "3\n",
      "5\n",
      "7\n",
      "9\n",
      "11\n",
      "13\n",
      "15\n",
      "17\n",
      "19\n",
      "Collected odd numbers: [1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def collect_and_print_odd_numbers(n):\n",
    "\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    打印并返回从0到给定数字n之间的所有奇数。\n",
    "\n",
    "    参数:\n",
    "    n (int): 要检查的最大数字。\n",
    "\n",
    "    返回:\n",
    "    list: 包含所有奇数的列表。\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # 初始化一个空列表来存储奇数\n",
    "    odd_numbers = []\n",
    "\n",
    "    # 循环从0到n（包括n）\n",
    "    for i in range(n + 1):\n",
    "        if i % 2 != 0:\n",
    "            # 如果i是奇数，则将其添加到列表中\n",
    "            odd_numbers.append(i)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # 打印奇数列表中的每个数字\n",
    "    print(\"\\n\".join(str(num) for num in odd_numbers))\n",
    "\n",
    "    # 返回奇数列表\n",
    "    return odd_numbers\n",
    "\n",
    "# 调用函数，收集并打印0到20之间的奇数\n",
    "odd_numbers_list = collect_and_print_odd_numbers(20)\n",
    "print(\"Collected odd numbers:\", odd_numbers_list)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 操作运算符"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "|运算符号|含义|\n",
    "|-------|----|\n",
    "|+|加|\n",
    "|-|减|\n",
    "|*|乘|\n",
    "|**|幂|\n",
    "|/|除|\n",
    "|//|取商|\n",
    "|%|取余|"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# 加法示例\n",
    "a = 5\n",
    "b = 3\n",
    "sum_result = a + b  # 5 + 3 = 8\n",
    "print(\"加法结果:\", sum_result)\n",
    "\n",
    "# 减法示例\n",
    "sub_result = a - b  # 5 - 3 = 2\n",
    "print(\"减法结果:\", sub_result)\n",
    "\n",
    "# 乘法示例\n",
    "mul_result = a * b  # 5 * 3 = 15\n",
    "print(\"乘法结果:\", mul_result)\n",
    "\n",
    "# 除法示例\n",
    "div_result = a / b  # 5 / 3 = 1.6666666666666667\n",
    "print(\"除法结果:\", div_result)\n",
    "\n",
    "# 幂运算示例\n",
    "pow_result = a ** b  # 5 ** 3 = 125\n",
    "print(\"幂运算结果:\", pow_result)\n",
    "\n",
    "# 取商示例\n",
    "floordiv_result = a // b  # 5 // 3 = 1\n",
    "print(\"取商结果:\", floordiv_result)\n",
    "\n",
    "# 取余示例\n",
    "mod_result = a % b  # 5 % 3 = 2\n",
    "print(\"取余结果:\", mod_result)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 赋值"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3\n",
      "2\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = 1\n",
    "a = a + 1\n",
    "a += 1\n",
    "print(a)\n",
    "a = 2\n",
    "print(a)"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Python 3",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python3"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 3
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
   "version": "3.11.4"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 2
}